Lead Materials – Ore Extraction - Lead Shielding, Lead ...
Extracting Lead Materials from Ore. Lead is a dense, soft, low-melting metal. Lead is the densest common metal except for gold, and this quality makes it effective in sound barriers and as a shield against X-rays.Lead resists corrosion by water, so it makes a long-lasting roofing material.. Only about half of the lead materials used today are produced from mining, the rest is obtained from ...
Lead Extraction | Johns Hopkins Medicine
May 22, 2018· Overwhelmingly, transvenous lead extraction has been shown to be a safe and effective method to remove problematic leads. Poor outcomes are exceedingly rare, with several large registries reporting mortality rates from 0.2–1.2 %.[ 1 , 15 , 19 ] However, serious complications that require emergent intervention may still arise in 0.2–1.8 % of ...
Transvenous Lead Extraction of Cardiac Implantable ...
Aug 15, 2019· The method of lead extraction showed a statistically significant relationship with the age of the lead (P-value < 0.001). The more the age of lead implantation; the more the difficulty of extraction by simple traction technique and the leads were extracted by locking stylet and evolution dilator sheath.
Transvenous Lead Extraction via the Inferior Approach ...
9) Lead extraction via the inferior approach is the only interventional method for free-floating leads, as the proximal end of the lead cannot be approached at the generator pocket, and this approach is essential for pulling the lead from the SVC to the right atrium in the process of transjugular lead extraction.
Lead Extraction techniques - USC Journal
Jun 15, 2010· Extraction from the femoral route may be required if the lead has been completely severed, although some operators prefer the femoral approach as their primary method of extraction. Using one of a variety of snares and guidewires, the lead may be grasped and pulled down into the atrium or inferior vena cava.
Lead extraction using a laser system: Techniques, efficacy ...
Aug 18, 2015· Lead extraction using a laser sheath is an established method with abundant positive evidence. Its efficacy and safety have been well proven, but complications can happen with a certain probability. It is thus important to accumulate our experience and spread this therapy prudently for the patients who require lead extraction.
Lead Extraction - Cleveland Clinic
This causes the lead to need more energy to function than the device (pacemaker or ICD) is able to deliver. This condition is known as “exit block.” An infection at the site of the device and/or lead; Blockage of the vein by a clot or scar tissue; Normal Lead. Lead in Place. Lead with Fracture. How is lead extraction performed? There are ...
Transvenous Lead Extraction: A Step-by-Step Approach
Extraction methods. The extraction method used depends on the metal’s position in the reactivity series. In theory, any metal could be extracted from its compounds using electrolysis.
Analysis of Outcomes in 8304 Patients Undergoing Lead ...
Methods and Results. Deidentified hospital records procedure from 7 states between 1994 and 2013 were aggregated and International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) procedure codes were used to identify hospital records reporting lead extraction. MAEs included death, cardiac tamponade, hemothorax, and need for emergent cardiac surgery.
Transvenous Lead Extraction: A Step-by-Step Approach
Transvenous Lead Extraction: A Step-by-Step Approach. DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2011.020106. 1 SUBHA L. VARAHAN, MD, 2 VICTOR PRETORIUS, MBchB and 1 ULRIKA BIRGERSDOTTER-GREEN, MD. Departments of 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology and 2 Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of …
Lead Extraction in the Contemporary Setting: The LExICon ...
Objectives This study sought to examine the safety and efficacy of laser-assisted lead extraction and the indications, outcomes, and risk factors in a large series of consecutive patients. Background The need for lead extraction has been increasing in direct relationship to the increased numbers of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing ...
Pacing supplement: Techniques in pacemaker and ...
Definitions. Lead extraction is defined as a procedure in which a cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) lead is removed with the assistance of equipment not routinely used during implantation, or after it has been in situ for more than one year. Lead explant is the removal of a lead that has been implanted for less than one year using only standard implantation stylets.
Lead Extraction | Saint Luke's Health System
Infection of a heart valve would also require generator and lead extraction. Broken leads are another major reason for lead extraction. This might happen from a break in the wire, for example. It is not always necessary to remove broken leads. Sometimes a surgeon can leave the broken lead inside the heart and place a new lead beside it.
Lead Extraction I Ohio State Medical Center
Lead extraction is a procedure to remove a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) wire or wires from the veins and heart. These wires are commonly referred to as leads. What lead extraction treats. The most common reasons for a lead extraction is an infected device pocket, an infection in your bloodstream (especially if it is related to the lead or leads), or a broken or ...
Lead - Essential Chemical Industry
The Isasmelt process, Figure 4, is an example of one of the most modern methods of secondary lead production in which a one stage process is used, particularly for processing the paste from batteries. This is fed into a furnace and melted using a lance through which a mixture of oil and oxygen-enriched air are fed. It is more economic to use ...
Method 12 - Inorganic Lead | Air Emission Measurement ...
Method You may need a PDF reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more. Method 12 Determination of inorganic lead emissions from stationary sources 8-3-2017 (PDF) (14 pp, 454 K)
TETRAETHYL LEAD (as Pb) 2533
TETRAETHYL LEAD (as Pb): METHOD 2533, Issue 2, dated 15 August 1994 - Page 2 of 4 REAGENTS: 1. Pentane (reagent grade). 2. Tetraethyl lead.* 3. XAD-2 resin (Rohm & Haas Co.)(optional, if commercial tubes are used). Extract, in order, for 24 h each in Soxhlet or Giant extractor with: water, methanol, diethylether, and n-pentane. Dry 24 h under ...
Tetraethyllead - Wikipedia
Tetraethyllead (commonly styled tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH 3 CH 2) 4 Pb.It is a petro-fuel additive, first being mixed with gasoline beginning in the 1920s as a patented octane rating booster that allowed engine compression to be raised substantially. This in turn caused increased vehicle performance and fuel economy.
What is Laser-Assisted Lead Extraction? | DFW | HeartPlace
Laser-assisted lead extraction is a safe and effective method to extract the leads in patients with chronically implanted cardiac pacemaker and defibrillator wires. This technique utilizes pulses of laser light at a wavelength of 308 nm to break the fibrous attachments without damaging other leads.
Pacemaker lead extraction with the laser sheath: results ...
METHODS A randomized trial of lead extraction was conducted in 301 patients with 465 chronically implanted pacemaker leads. The laser group patients had the leads removed with identical tools as the nonlaser group with the exception that the inner telescoping sheath was replaced with the 12-F …
Residential Sampling for Lead: Protocols for Dust and Soil ...
Residential Sampling for Lead: Protocols for Dust and Soil Sampling, Final Report. Provides guidance for collection of soil and settled dust samples for subsequent determination of lead. You may need a PDF reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more.
Lead Abandonment or Lead Extraction? | JACC: Clinical ...
Jan 01, 2017· The arguments for extraction of lead(s) at time of pacing system replacement, revision, or upgrade include the perceived future risk to the patient if device-related complications including infection should develop . Thus, at present, the issue of extraction or lead abandonment remains the subject of debate.
Lead extraction. Indications and techniques.
1. Cardiol Clin. 1992 Nov;10(4):735-48. Lead extraction. Indications and techniques. Byrd CL(1), Schwartz SJ, Hedin N. Author information: (1)Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida. Each of the extraction techniques and their ancillary tools was reported as used successfully; however, until now, no technique has been successful when used in more than a few ...
Pacemaker lead extraction with the laser sheath: results ...
METHODS A randomized trial of lead extraction was conducted in 301 patients with 465 chronically implanted pacemaker leads. The laser group patients had the leads removed with identical tools as the nonlaser group with the exception that the inner telescoping sheath was replaced with the 12-F …
Outcomes of lead extraction in young adults
Background: Extraction of pacemaker and defibrillator leads in young adults may be technically challenging because of more extensive fibrosis and calcification in this patient population. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes of lead extraction (LE) in young adults at our institution. Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent LE at our institution ...
Considerations for cardiac device lead extraction
Extraction of cardiovascular implantable electronic device leads is the removal of a lead that has been implanted for >1 year or that requires more than a standard stylet. The number of these procedures has greatly increased over the past few decades owing to the growing demand for primary and se …
Lead Abandonment or Lead Extraction? | JACC: Clinical ...
Jan 01, 2017· The arguments for extraction of lead(s) at time of pacing system replacement, revision, or upgrade include the perceived future risk to the patient if device-related complications including infection should develop . Thus, at present, the issue of extraction or lead abandonment remains the subject of debate.
Laser Lead Extraction: Predictors of Success and ...
Background: Paralleling the rise in pacemaker and defibrillator implantations, lead extraction procedures are increasingly required. Concerns regarding failure and complications remain. Methods and Results: A total of 200 lead extraction procudures were performed at the Montreal Heart Institute between September 2000 and August 2005. In 23 patients, all leads were removed by traction with a ...
2018 EHRA expert consensus statement on lead extraction ...
Lead dysfunction was the second most frequent reason for lead extraction in the ELECTRa registry, amounting to 38.1% of cases. 4 Causes for lead dysfunction may be lead fracture or insulation failure resulting in issues with lead impedance, sensing or capture. In some cases, the electrical parameters may still be normal, but the integrity of ...
Soxhlet Extraction - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
For example, the extraction of aflatoxins from vegetables is a soft step, only requiring water or a methanol–water mixture and magnetic stirring for less than 10 min. 63 Using an ASE 200 extractor for this matrix–analyte couple and a univariate method for optimization of interrelated variables revealed that: (1) pressures from 500 to 2000 ...
Residential Sampling for Lead: Protocols for Dust and Soil ...
Residential Sampling for Lead: Protocols for Dust and Soil Sampling, Final Report. Provides guidance for collection of soil and settled dust samples for subsequent determination of lead. You may need a PDF reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more.
METHOD 1311 TOXICITY CHARACTERISTIC LEACHING …
METHOD 1311 TOXICITY CHARACTERISTIC LEACHING PROCEDURE 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 The TCLP is designed to determine the mobility of both organic and ... extraction, the liquid extract is separated from the solid phase by filtration through a 0.6 to 0.8 µm glass fiber filter.
Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia
Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar). There is a net transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to organic.
Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Extraction | Circulation
Transvenous lead extraction: Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus on facilities, training, indications, and patient management: this document was endorsed by the American Heart Association (AHA). Heart Rhythm. 2009; 6:1085–1104. Crossref Medline Google Scholar
Hybrid Lead Extraction Technique | JACC: Case Reports
This report presents a new hybrid lead extraction technique combined with transatrial laser lead extraction and surgical removal of calcified lesions in a 50-year-old man with superior vena cava syndrome and bilateral subclavian vein occlusion caused by an abandoned lead, which had been infected for 11 years. ( Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.
Incidence and Predictors of Perioperative Complications ...
Lead extraction has become an integral part of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) lead management. 1 – 4 Over 500 000 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have been implanted in the United States alone since 2010. 5,6 As the number of individuals living with rhythm devices expands, the numbers requiring lead revisions because of malfunction, changes in clinical ...